Advancing low-light image enhancement through deep learning: A comprehensive experimental study

Muhammad Tahir Rasheed, Hufsa Khan, Junsong Wang, Yan Kang,
Advancing low-light image enhancement through deep learning: A comprehensive experimental study,
Knowledge-Based Systems,
Volume 325,
2025,
113827,
ISSN 0950-7051,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2025.113827.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705125008731)
Abstract: Low-light photography severely degrades the perceptual quality of images, which adversely affects the performance of computer vision algorithms. Deep learning-based low-light image enhancement (LLIE) methods are dominating in improving the quality of degraded and corrupted images taken in non-optimal lighting conditions. Either the designed methods are evaluated on a limited set of test datasets or they are not evaluated for machine vision applications. A detailed examination of the recent developments, their generalization, and their application to computer vision tasks is required. This experimental review highlights the future trend of recent learning-based LLIE methods through statistical analysis, experimentally analyzing their generalization capability on a wide spectrum of test datasets, examining the effectiveness of LLIE in computer vision applications, and discussing a correlation between them. The test data used for the generality of these methods covers diversified scenes/contents as well as complex degradation in real scenarios. Rich variety of full-reference and no-reference metrics are applied to compare the relative performances. Furthermore, the application of enhancement methods in low-light face detection is also validated to examine the effectiveness of these LLIE methods as a preprocessing step in machine vision tasks. The discussion on correlation of experimental results from the perspective of both human and machine vision in the subsequent part provides broader view of the field. This systematic review concludes with the limitations of enhancement methodologies and unresolved issues.
Keywords: Low-light image enhancement; Image processing; Deep learning; Review; Face detection